Øystein Kravdal
Principal investigator (professor)
Department: Centre for Fertility and Health
Responsibilities
Social epidemiology; Demography
Background
I've been a professor of demography at the Department of Economics, University of Oslo, from 1994 to 2022. During those years, I've had part-time positions at the Cancer Registry, in Statistics Norway, or in the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. I now work full time at the Centre for Fertility and Health at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Most of my research has dealt with the relationships between education/income, fertility/family, and health/mortality. It has to a large extent been based on Norwegian register data, but I've also used survey data from India and Africa. Event history analysis has been my main statistical tool. Some of the papers have been about methodological issues.
Biography
Øystein Kravdal is professor of demography at the Department of Economics, University of Oslo, since 1994. Since 2009 he has also worked at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. His main research interest is how socio-economic resources influence and are influenced by fertility and family behaviour, and how all these factors are associated with health and mortality. Most of his work has been based on register or survey data from Norway, but he has also done research on fertility and child mortality in India and sub-Saharan Africa. His papers have been published in demography, sociology, epidemiology and cancer journals. Kravdal was co-editor of Population Studies from 2004 to 2013, and has been a member of the Editorial Board of the European Journal of Population since 2001. He was member of the Council of the International union for the Scientific Study of Population from 2014 to 2017.
Projects and publications
- Health Gap: Health, maturity, and gender gap in education
- Lost in Transition? Uncovering Social and Health Consequences of Sub-Optimal Transitions in the Education System
- Menns risikofaktorer for uønsket svangerskapsutfall
- Sickness in the family (SickFam) : A register study on the short- and long-term effects of severe sickness on family members
- Øystein Kravdal, Jonathan Wörn, (2023). Mental and Physical Health Trajectories of Norwegian Parents and Children before and after Union Dissolution. Population and Development Review s. 1-33. doi: 10.1111/padr.12530
- Miriam Evensen, Søren Toksvig Klitkou, Mette Christophersen Tollånes, Pétur Benedikt Juliusson, Øystein Kravdal, (2023). Parental income gradients in child and adolescent mortality: Norwegian trends over half a century. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health doi: 10.1177/14034948231151990
- Siddartha Aradhya, Anna Tegunimataka, Øystein Kravdal, Pekka Martikainen, Mikko Myrskylä, Kieron Barclay, Alice Goisis, (2022). Maternal age and the risk of low birthweight and pre-term delivery: a pan-Nordic comparison. International Journal of Epidemiology s. 154-164. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac211
- Øystein Kravdal, Jonathan Wörn, Bjørn-Atle Reme, (2022). Mental health benefits of cohabitation and marriage: A longitudinal analysis of Norwegian register data. Population Studies doi: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933
- Wendy Sigle, Øystein Kravdal, (2021). With age comes ...? An examination of gendered differences in the resource advantages associated with parental age in Norway. Comparative population studies s. 363-386. doi: 10.12765/CPoS-2021-13
- Øystein Kravdal, (2021). Sex Differences in Childlessness in Norway: Identification of Underlying Demographic Drivers. European Journal of Population s. 1023-1041. doi: 10.1007/s10680-021-09590-4
- Øystein Kravdal, Per Magnus, Bjørn Moum, Marte Lie Høivik, (2020). Association of Childbearing with a Short-Term Reduced Risk of Crohn Disease in Mothers. American Journal of Epidemiology s. 294-304. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz285
- Øystein Kravdal, (2020). Effects of previous birth interval length on child outcomes can be estimated in a sibling analysis even when there are only two siblings. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology s. 1-9. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12732
- Øystein Kravdal, (2020). Are sibling models a suitable tool in analyses of how reproductive factors affect child mortality?. Demographic Research s. 777-798. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2020.42.28
- Alice Goisis, Siri Eldevik Håberg, Hans Ivar Hanevik, Maria Christine Magnus, Øystein Kravdal, (2020). The demographics of assisted reproductive technology births in a Nordic country. Human Reproduction s. 1441-1450. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa055
- Øystein Kravdal, Per Magnus, Bjørn Moum, Marte Lie Høivik, (2020). Childbearing is Associated with a Short-term Reduced Risk of Crohn’s Disease in Mothers . American Journal of Epidemiology s. 294-304. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz285
- Øystein Kravdal, Aage Tverdal, Emily Grundy, (2020). The association between parity, CVD mortality and CVD risk factors among Norwegian women and men. European Journal of Public Health s. 1133-1139. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz235
- Øystein Kravdal, (2019). Taking birth year into account when analysing effects of maternal age on child health and other outcomes: The value of a multilevel-multiprocess model compared to a sibling model. Demographic Research s. 1249-1290. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2019.40.43
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, (2019). Children’s age at parental divorce and depression in early and mid-adulthood. Population Studies s. 37-56. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1549747
- Øystein Kravdal, (2019). Research note: What kind of individual-level effects of childbearing would we ideally be interested in learning about? The important distinction between expected, unexpected, varying and general effects. Journal of Population Research s. 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12546-018-9218-7
- Kåre Bævre, Øystein Kravdal, Solveig Tobie Glestad Christiansen, (2018). Befolkningen i Norge.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). New evidence about effects of reproductive variables on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Population Studies s. 139-156. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1439180
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, Katherine Keenan, (2018). The increasing mortality advantage of the married: The role played by education. Demographic Research s. 471-512. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.20
- Øystein Kravdal, (2017). Large and Growing Social Inequality in Mortality in Norway: The Combined Importance of Marital Status and Own and Spouse's Education. Population and Development Review s. 645-665. doi: 10.1111/padr.12096
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, Vegard Skirbekk, (2017). Fertility history and use of antidepressant medication in late mid-life: a register-based analysis of Norwegian women and men.. Aging & Mental Health s. 477-486. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1118010
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, (2016). Health effects of parental deaths among adults in Norway: Purchases of prescription medicine before and after bereavement. SSM - Population Health s. 868-875. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.10.013
- Jonas Minet Kinge, Ólöf Anna Steingrímsdóttir, Bjørn Heine Strand, Øystein Kravdal, (2016). Can socioeconomic factors explain geographic variation in overweight in Norway?. SSM - Population Health s. 333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.04.010
- Øystein Kravdal, Kari Alver, Kåre Bævre, Jonas Minet Kinge, Jørgen Rajan Meisfjord, Ólöf Anna Steingrímsdóttir, Bjørn Heine Strand, (2015). How much of the variation in mortality across Norwegian municipalities is explained by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population?. Health and Place s. 148-158. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.013
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, (2014). Underuse of medication for circulatory disorders among unmarried women and men in Norway . BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology doi: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-65
- Emily Grundy, Øystein Kravdal, (2014). Do short birth intervals have long-term implications for parental health? Results from analyses of complete cohort Norwegian register data. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health s. 958-964. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204191
- Øystein Kravdal, (2014). The Estimation of Fertility Effects on Happiness: Even More Difficult than Usually Acknowledged. European Journal of Population s. 263-290. doi: 10.1007/s10680-013-9310-9
- Kåre Bævre, Øystein Kravdal, (2014). The effects of earlier income variation on mortality: An analysis of Norwegian register data. Population Studies s. 81-94. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2013.824603
- Wendy Sigle-Rushton, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad, Patrick Lie Andersen, Øystein Kravdal, (2014). Proceed with caution? Parents' union dissolution and children's educational achievement. Journal of Marriage and Family s. 161-174. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12075
- Øystein Kravdal, Ivy Kodzi, Wendy Sigle-Rushton, (2013). Effects of the Number and Age of Siblings on Educational Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in family planning s. 275-297. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00358.x
- Ivy Kodzi, Øystein Kravdal, (2013). What has high fertility got to do with the low birth weight problem in Africa?. Demographic Research s. 713-731. doi: 10.4054/demres.2013.28.25
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). The poorer cancer survival among the unmarried in Norway: Is Much explained by comorbidities?. Social Science and Medicine s. 42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.012
- Øystein Kravdal, (2012). Further evidence of community education effects on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Demographic Research s. 645-680. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.22
- Øystein Kravdal, Emily Grundy, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad, Kenneth Aarskaug Wiik, (2012). Family Life History and Late Mid-Life Mortality in Norway. Population and Development Review s. 237-257. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00491.x
- Jon Ivar Elstad, Rita Torstensrud, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad, Øystein Kravdal, (2012). Trends in educational inequalities in mortality, seven types of cancers, Norway 1971-2002. European Journal of Public Health s. 771-776. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr181
- Astri Syse, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad, Øystein Kravdal, (2012). Is mortality after childhood cancer dependent on social or economic resources of parents? A population-based study. International Journal of Cancer s. 1870-1878. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26186
- Vladimir Shkolnikov, E Andreev, D Jdanov, D Jasilonis, Øystein Kravdal, D Vågerø, Tapani Valkonen, (2012). Increasing absolute mortality disparities by education in Finland, Norway and Sweden, 1971-2000. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health s. 372-378. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.104786
- Kjersti Norgård Berntsen, Øystein Kravdal, (2012). The relationship between mortality and time since divorce, widowhood or remarriage in Norway. Social Science and Medicine s. 2267-2274. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.028
- Joel Cohen, Øystein Kravdal, Nico Keilman, (2011). Childbearing impeded education more than education impeded childbearing among Norwegian women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America s. 11830-11835. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107993108
- Øystein Kravdal, Ivy Kodzi, (2011). Children's stunting in sub-Saharan Africa: Is there an externality effect of high fertility?. Demographic Research s. 565-594. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2011.25.18
- Ronald Rindfuss, David Guilkey, S Philip Morgan, Øystein Kravdal, (2010). Child care availability and fertility: Norway. Population and Development Review s. 725-748.
- E Grundy, Øystein Kravdal, (2010). Fertility history and cause-specific mortality: A register-based analysis of complete cohorts of Norwegian women and men. Social Science and Medicine s. 1847-1857. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.004
- Øystein Kravdal, (2010). The importance of community education for individual mortality: a fixed-effects analysis of longitudinal multilevel data on 1.7 million Norwegian women and men. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health s. 1029-1035. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.081034
- Øystein Kravdal, (2010). Demographers' interest in fertility trends and determinants in developed countries: Is it warranted?. Demographic Research s. 663-690. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.22
- Øystein Kravdal, (2009). Mortality effects of average education in current and earlier municipality of residence among internal migrants, net of their own education. Social Science and Medicine s. 1484-1492. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.035
- Fiona Steele, Wendy Sigle-Rushton, Øystein Kravdal, (2009). CONSEQUENCES OF FAMILY DISRUPTION ON CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN NORWAY. Demography s. 553-574.
- Astri Syse, Steinar Tretli, Øystein Kravdal, O Kravdal, (2009). The Impact of Cancer on Spouses' Labor Earnings A Population-Based Study. Cancer s. 4350-4361.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2009). Mortality effects of average education: a multilevel study of small neighbourhoods in rural and urban areas in Norway. International Journal for Equity in Health doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-8-41
- Øystein Kravdal, (2008). Does income inequality really influence individual mortality? Results from a 'fixed-effects analysis' where constant unobserved municipality characteristics are controlled. Demographic Research
- Øystein Kravdal, Ron Rindfuss, (2008). Changing Relationships between Education and Fertility: A Study of Women and Men Born 1940 to 1964. American Sociological Review s. 854-873.
- Astri Syse, Steinar Tretli, Øystein Kravdal, (2008). Cancer’s impact on employment and earnings – a population-based study from Norway. Journal of cancer survivorship s. 149-158. doi: 10.1007/s11764-008-0053-2
- Øystein Kravdal, (2008). A broader perspective on education and mortality: Are we influenced by other people's education?. Social Science and Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.10.009
- E Grundy, Øystein Kravdal, (2008). Reproductive history and mortality in late middle age among Norwegian men and women. American Journal of Epidemiology doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm295
- Ron Rindfuss, David Guilkey, Phil Morgan, Øystein Kravdal, Karen Guzzo, (2007). Child care availability and first-birth timing in Norway. Demography s. 345-372.
- Astri Syse, Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Does cancer affect the divorce rate?. Demographic Research s. 469-492.
- A Syse, O Kravdal, Øystein Kravdal, Steinar Tretli, (2007). Parenthood after cancer - A population-based study. Psycho-Oncology s. 920-927. doi: 10.1002/pon.1154
- Øystein Kravdal, (2007). A fixed-effects multilevel analysis of how community family structure affects individual mortality in Norway. Demography
- Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Effects of current education on second- and third-birth rates among Norwegian women and men born in 1964: Substantive interpretations and methodological issues. Demographic Research s. 211-246.
- LF Derose, Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Educational reversals and first-birth timing in sub-Saharan Africa: A dynamic multilevel approach. Demography
- Øystein Kravdal, (2006). Does place matter for cancer survival in Norway? A multilevel analysis of the importance of hospital affiliation and municipality socioeconomic resources. Health and Place s. 527-537.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2006). A simulation-based assessment of the bias produced when using averages from small DHS clusters as contextual variables in multilevel models. Demographic Research s. 1-20.
- Janna Bergsvik, Trude Lappegård, Øystein Kravdal, (2021). Couples in context: Understanding family dynamics in Norway
- Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Øystein Kravdal, (2020). Fallende fruktbarhet i Norge. Hva kan det skyldes og hva kan man gjøre med det hvis det oppfattes som et problem?
- Marianne Tønnessen, Øystein Kravdal, (2017). Demographic consequences of migration
- Øystein Kravdal, (2016). New evidence about effects of reproductive variables on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
- Øystein Kravdal, Ron Rindfuss, (2007). Changig relationships between education and fertility - a study of women and men born 1940-64
- Øystein Kravdal, (2006). A fixed-effects analysis of how income inequality in a municipality affects individual mortality in Norway
- Solrun Dregelid, Martin Flatø, Øystein Kravdal, (2023). Helt alene.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2022). To dager gamle Gabriel er sjelden vare. Fødseltallene faller over hele landet..
- Øystein Kravdal, (2022). Enebarn har dårligere helse som voksne.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2022). Single mer utsatt for sykdom.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2022). Response to letter: Sibling models—An underused tool with limitations. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology doi: 10.1111/ppe.12833
- Øystein Kravdal, (2021). Response to letter to the editor: Sibling models—An underused tool with limitations . Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
- Øystein Kravdal, (2021). No, it is not too good to be true. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology doi: 10.1111/ppe.12799
- Øystein Kravdal, (2019). Individnivå-konsekvenser av lav fruktbarhet.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2019). The increasing mortality advantage of the married.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). Hva betyr barnetall og familiesituasjon for barns helse?.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). The increasing mortality advantage of the married.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). Children’s Age at Parental Divorce and Depression in Early and Mid-Adulthood.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). The growing mortality advantage of the married.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2018). The growing mortality advantage of the married.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2016). Familie og helse.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2016). Expected and unexpected consequences of childbearing - a methodologically and politically important distinction that is overlooked..
- Øystein Kravdal, (2015). Fertility history and use of antidepressant medication in late mid-life: a register-based analysis of Norwegian women and men..
- Øystein Kravdal, (2015). How much of the variation in mortality across Norwegian municipalities is explained by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population?..
- Øystein Kravdal, (2014). The relatively high fertility in Norway – a result of affluence, liberal values, gender-equality ideals, and the welfare state .
- Øystein Kravdal, (2014). The estimation of fertility effects on happiness: Even more difficult than usually acknowledged .
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). The importance of women’s education for fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel perspective.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). Norwegian register data: Some experiences to share with other social scientists and epidemiologists.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). Some reflections on the four papers on fertility (timing) and gender.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). Further evidence of community education effects on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). Education in sub-Saharan Africa: A new look at the effects of the number of siblings.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2013). The importance of women's education for fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel perspective.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2011). The fixed-effects model admittedly no quick fix, but still a step in the right direction and better than the suggested alternative. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health s. 291-292. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.131078
- Øystein Kravdal, (2009). Methodological issues in the analysis of the education-fertility relationship.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2009). Sammenhengen mellom barnetall og dødelighet.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2008). The relationship between childbearing and mortality.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Multilevel analysis based on Norwegian register data: potentials and challenges.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Chaning relationship between education and fertility among Norwegian women and men born 1940-64.
- Øystein Kravdal, (2007). Changing relationship between edcuation and fertility among Norwegian women and men born 1940-64.