What is I4C?
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Our projects integrate registry data, questionnaires and biological samples from large birth cohorts, with cases identified via health registries and hospital records and all data anonymised.
I4C is an innovative global collaboration aiming to prevent cancers in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. For 20 years, it has carried out projects using data and biological samples from large international birth cohorts. Since 2024, it has been coordinated by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). Previously, it was coordinated by the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia.
The severity and global impact of cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults underscore the urgent need for effective preventive strategies.
Unlike adult cancers, the causes of cancer in children, adolescents and young adults are largely unknown (see also Childhood cancer at who.int).Their relative rarity makes it challenging to investigate environmental and biological risk factors. Even large cohorts often lack sufficient statistical power to detect associations between common exposures and cancer risk.
I4C addresses this limitation by consolidating aggregated data across continents.
Study population
I4C cohorts comprise over 1.5 million individuals, including approximately 700,000 children, 600,000 mothers, and 200,000 fathers This extensive dataset enables I4C to support robust and meaningful research into the origins of cancer that would not be feasible within individual cohorts alone.
Until recently, I4C focused primarily on childhood cancer. Recognizing that early-life exposures may have long-term health effects, and given the rich longitudinal data available, the Consortium has expanded its study population to include adolescents and young adults. The age range is defined by the diagnosis being studied.
Exposures and biological data
Exposure data are collected from pregnancy onwards and include detailed information on socioeconomic, lifestyles, nutritional, toxic, social and psychological factors. Biological samples allow for in-depth studies of how environmental exposures affect physiological systems and enable research into gene–environment interactions.
International collaboration and historical scope
The international scope of the collaboration allows for the exploration of both universal and regional-specific exposures. The cohorts in the I4C are situated in Asia, Australia, Europe, North- and South America. The data collected by the cohorts spans seven decades, from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) initiated in 1959 in the US to Generation Victoria (GenV), Australia, Cohort study of children born in Campinas and Paulínia-SP, Brazil and, Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS), China which are currently recruiting. This provides a unique opportunity to compare incidences and exposure-disease associations across time and place.
Data protection and Analytical methods
The I4C respects personal data in accordance with GDPR (Europe) and national laws. It develops a system of federated analysis plans, which means that a certain analysis is performed locally in each cohort based upon a shared protocol, allowing for comparison of aggregated results. Individual-level data are only shared in compliance with national laws. As a rule, information shared between the partners in the consortium has the same level of detail as the published information.
Impact
There is a significant gap in the outcome of cancer treatment between high and low-income countries. One potential impact of I4C’s collaborative efforts is the identification of factors that could lead to low-cost, effective treatments decreasing this gap. I4C supports international cooperation and has the potential to inform prevention strategies that could save lives and reduce long-term healthcare costs.
The Consortium and collaboration
I4C currently includes 12 cohorts from Asia, Europe, South and North America, and Australia. The I4C expanded with three cohorts in 2024; The Korean Children’s Environmental Health Study (Ko-CHENS), The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS) and Generation Victoria (GenV).
The I4C Steering Committee is composed of project leaders from institutions responsible for the cohorts, several initiators and/or current principal investigators (PIs), as well as representatives from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
The Steering Committee holds regular bi-monthly virtual meetings and an annual hybrid meeting, which all collaborators and interested parties are invited to attend.
We continue to welcome new projects, collaborators and cohorts to join the Consortium.
Please see the Policies and procedures document (fhi.no) for information on how to collaborate with I4C.
History
The consortium has been active since 2005, originally initiated from and coordinated by the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute in Australia. It has been coordinated by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) since 2024.
Learn more on the The cohorts in the I4C (fhi.no) and our Publications from the I4C (fhi.no).