Melanoma

About melanoma

Melanoma usually occurs in the skin and develops from the pigment-forming cells in the skin. In rare cases, melanoma can occur in the eye and mucous membranes (vagina, throat, intestine). Melanoma is the skin cancer that takes the most lives. Below we provide figures and information for melanoma of the skin.

The number of melanoma cases globally has increased sharply in populations with fair skin type, and the incidence in Norway is among the highest in the world.

Risk factors

The most important causative factor for melanoma of the skin is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds. The significant increase in incidence over the past few decades is likely due to changes in sun habits and increased UV exposure, particularly among men over the age of 50.

Those at the highest risk are individuals with fair skin and blond or red hair, as well as those with many or large moles. In addition, other factors (e.g., overweight, use of certain medications, chemicals) may also play a role.

Some families appear to be genetically predisposed to skin cancer. They may request genetic testing and special follow-up.

You can find more about risk factors in the overview from WCRF.

•  Skin cancer

There are several studies that have looked into the risk of melanoma. An overview of factors identified as carcinogenic based on International Agency for Research on Cancer monographs:

• Human Cancer: Known Causes and Prevention by Organ Site

Questions about cancer

The Cancer Registry of Norway is a research institution. Our professionals therefore do not answer questions about diagnosis, assessment, treatment and follow-up from patients or their relatives.

Inquiries about this information should be directed to your general practitioner, treating institution, or the Norwegian Cancer Society's advisory service at phone: +47 21 49 49 21.